London, England's capital, set on the River Thames, is a 21st-century city with history extending back to Roman times. At its inside stand the forcing Houses of Parliament, the notable 'Enormous Ben' clock tower and Westminster Abbey, site of British ruler crowning rituals. Over the Thames, the London Eye perception wheel gives all encompassing perspectives of the South Bank social complex, and the whole city.
London (Listeni/ˈlʌndən/) is the capital and most crowded city of England and the United Kingdom. Remaining on the River Thames, London has been a real settlement for two centuries, its history doing a reversal to its establishing by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's antiquated center, the City of London, to a great extent holds its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval limits and in 2011 had an occupant populace of 7,375, making it the littlest city in England. Since at any rate the 19th century, the term London has additionally alluded to the city grew around this center. The main part of this conurbation shapes the Greater London managerial territory (coterminous with the London locale), administered by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a main worldwide city, with qualities in human expressions, business, training, excitement, design, fund, health awareness, media, expert administrations, innovative work, tourism, and transport all adding to its prominence.It is one of the world's driving money related focuses and has the fifth-or 6th biggest metropolitan region GDP on the planet relying upon estimation. London is a world social capital. It is the world's most-gone to city as measured by worldwide entries and has the world's biggest city air terminal framework measured by traveler movement. London's 43 colleges frame the biggest convergance of advanced education foundations in Europe. In 2012, London turned into the first city to host the cutting edge Summer Olympic Games three times.
London has a differing scope of people groups and societies, and more than 300 dialects are talked inside Greater London. The district had an official populace of 8,416,535 in 2013, the biggest of any region in the European Union, and representing 12.5% of the UK populace. London's urban zone is the second most crowded in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 tenants as per the 2011 enumeration. The city's metropolitan zone is the a standout amongst the most crowded in Europe with 13,614,409 occupants, while the Greater London Authority puts the number of inhabitants in London metropolitan district at 21 million.London was the world's most crowded city from around 1831 to 1925.
London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site embodying the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the memorable settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).Other popular points of interest incorporate Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to various historical centers, displays, libraries, donning occasions and other social foundations, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres.The London Underground is the most established underground rail line arrange on the planet.
History
The historical underpinnings of London is questionable. It is an antiquated name, found in sources from the 2nd century. It is recorded c. 121 as Londinium, which indicates Romano-British cause. The most punctual endeavored clarification, now ignored, is ascribed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae. This had it that the name began from a gathered King Lud, who had professedly assumed control over the city and named it Kaerlud.
From 1898, it was normally acknowledged that the name was of Celtic cause and implied spot fitting in with a man called *Londinos; this clarification has subsequent to been rejected.Richard Coates set forward a clarification in 1998 that it is gotten from the preceltic Old European *(p)lowonida, signifying 'stream too wide to portage', and proposed that this was a name given to the piece of the River Thames which moves through London; from this, the settlement picked up the Celtic manifestation of its name, *Lowonidonjon; this requires very much a genuine change then again. A definitive trouble lies in accommodating the Latin structure Londinium with the cutting edge Welsh Llundain, which ought to request a structure *(h)lōndinion (instead of *londīnion), from prior *loundiniom. The likelihood can't be decided out that the Welsh name was acquired back in from English at a later date, and accordingly can't be utilized as a premise from which to recreate the first name.
Until 1889, the name "London" authoritatively just connected to the City of London yet from that point forward it has likewise alluded to the County of London and now Greater Londo.
Government
The organization of London is framed of two levels a vast, vital level and a neighborhood level. Vast organization is composed by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while neighborhood organization is done by 33 littler powers. The GLA comprises of two chose segments; the Mayor of London, who has official forces, and the London Assembly, which examines the leader's choices and
can acknowledge or reject the chairman's financial plan recommendations every year. The home office of the GLA is City Hall, Southwark; the leader is Boris Johnson. The chairman's statutory arranging technique is distributed as the London Plan, which was most as of late amended in 2011. The neighborhood powers are the boards of the 32 London districts and the City of London Corporation. They are in charge of most neighborhood administrations, for example, nearby arranging, schools, social administrations, nearby streets and reject gathering. Certain capacities, for example, waste administration, are given through joint game plans. In 2009–2010 the joined income consumption by London gatherings and the GLA added up to simply over £22 billion (£14.7 billion for the wards and £7.4 billion for the GLA).
Policing in Greater London, except for the City of London, is given by the Metropolitan Police Force, directed by the Mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). The City of London has its own particular police power – the City of London Police.The British Transport Police are in charge of police administrations on National Rail and London Underground administrations.
The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and salvage administration for Greater London. It is controlled by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third biggest flame benefit on the planet. National Health Service emergency vehicle administrations are given by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the biggest free-at-the-purpose of-utilization crisis rescue vehicle benefit in the world.The London Air Ambulance philanthropy works in conjunction with the LAS where needed. Her Majesty's Coastguard and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution work on the River Thames, which is under the locale of the Port of London Authority from Teddington Lock to the sea.
